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Najnowsze publikacje
Membranous E-Cadherin Expression in Different Subtypes of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors and Its Association with Invasiveness
(MDPI, 2026-03-14) Krzentowska, Anna; Biesaga, Beata; Merklinger-Gruchała, Anna; Gołkowski, Filip
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are usually benign intracranial neoplasms that may exhibit invasion of the cavernous sinus, complicating surgery and increasing the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to investigate membranous E-cadherin (mE-cad) expression across PitNET subtypes and transcription factor (TF) lineages, including Pit-1 (pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1), SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1), and TPIT (T-box pituitary transcription factor), and its association with tumor invasiveness in sixty-nine patients. mE-cad expression was evaluated as the percentage of positive cells (0%, 1–10%, >10%) and by immunoreactive score (IRS). Staining intensity was scored as: 0, no staining; 1, weak; 2, moderate; 3, strong. The proportion of positive cells was scored as: 0, none; 1, <10%; 2, 10–50%; 3, 51–80%; 4, >80%. Mean mE-cad expression was 5.2% in gonadotroph, 3.2% in corticotroph, 0.5% in lactotroph, and 17.5% in plurihormonal PitNETs. By TF lineage, the mean expression was 5.3% for Pit-1, 3.2% for TPIT, and 5.1% for SF-1. Low mE-cad expression (IRS 1–2) was associated with higher odds of cavernous sinus invasion compared with IRS 3–6 (adjusted OR = 6.0, 95% CI 1.08–33.4, p = 0.04), independent of tumor volume (adjusted OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.50–10.7, p = 0.01). After restricting the analysis to the gonadotroph PitNET group, tumors with an IRS of 1–2 showed significantly higher invasiveness compared with those with an IRS of 3–6 (p = 0.012). These findings suggest that mE-cad may serve as a biomarker of PitNET invasiveness, with expression varying according to TF lineage and tumor subtype.
Peripheral complement C3 and C4 are associated with clinical features of schizophrenia
(Frontiers, 2026-03-30) Szwajca, Marta; Śmierciak, Natalia; Biesaga, Beata; Donicz, Paulina; Szwajca, Krzysztof; Pilecki, Maciej
Aim: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with heterogeneous outcomes; factors such as anxiety, childhood trauma, and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) may influence symptom severity and disease progression. Growing evidence highlights immune dysregulation—particularly alterations in complement components C3 and C4—in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however, findings regarding peripheral complement levels and their clinical associations remain inconsistent.
Method: Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia underwent clinical assessment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were measured at admission.
Results: In exploratory analyses (nominal p-values), baseline C3 correlated with DUP (r=0.407, p=0.010) and length of hospitalization (r=0.353, p=0.028). Higher C3 was associated with greater symptom severity on PANSS-P1 (r=0.325, p=0.043) and PANSS-G1 (r=0.330, p=0.040), while C4 correlated with PANSSG1 (r=0.322, p=0.045) and multiple PANSS domains after 12 weeks. C3 was associated with anxiety at baseline and after 3 months (STAI-T1: r=0.376, p=0.018; STAI-S1: r=0.372, p=0.020; STAI-T2: r=0.376, p=0.018; STAI-S2: r=0.419, p=0.009), whereas C4 correlated with STAI-T1 (r=0.361, p=0.024), STAI-S1 (r=0.342, p=0.033), and STAI-S2 (r=0.338, p=0.038). Higher C3 and C4
levels were associated with CTQ subscales. C3 correlated negatively with cognitive performance (MoCA1: r=–0.339, p=0.034). However, none of the associations survived Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) correction (all q>0.05).
Conclusion: These exploratory, within-cohort findings suggest that peripheral complement markers relate to variation in clinical severity and illness-course indicators in schizophrenia. Replication in larger, controlled longitudinal studies is warranted.
Comparative multi-analytical characterization of lipid fractions from three cockroach species - Blaptica dubia, Gromphadorhina portentosa, and Periplaneta lateralis
(Elsevier, 2026-04-11) Kowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz; Kucharski, Jan Jakub; Ostrowska-Ligęza, Ewa; Grygier, Anna; Kmiecik, Dominik; Kamińska, Wiktoria; Siger, Aleksander; Dwiecki, Krzysztof; Siejak, Przemysław; Radzikowska-Kujawska, Dominika; Baranowska, Hanna Maria
This study presents a comprehensive, multi-analytical characterization of lipid fractions extracted from three cockroach species: Blaptica dubia, Gromphadorhina portentosa, and Periplaneta lateralis, with the aim of elucidating interspecies differences in fatty acid composition, molecular organization, and physicochemical behavior. Lipid fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) relaxometry, and Langmuir monolayer techniques. All oils were dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid; however, marked differences were observed in the SFA/MUFA/PUFA balance, iodine values, thermal transitions, and interfacial properties. B. dubia oil exhibited the most balanced fatty acid profile and the most compact and viscoelastic monolayers, indicating a structurally stable lipid system. G. portentosa oil was characterized by the highest tocopherol content and enhanced oxidative resistance, whereas P. lateralis oil showed the highest degree of unsaturation accompanied by increased molecular mobility. The applied analytical techniques revealed distinct lipid structuring and stability patterns across species, demonstrating that cockroach-derived oils represent chemically and structurally diverse lipid matrices. These findings provide fundamental physicochemical insight into insect-derived lipids and establish a reference framework for future studies addressing technological performance, stabilization strategies, or regulatory assessment pathways.
Problem stopni służbowych zniesionych formacji mundurowych
(Poradnia Prawna im. Anny Jenke w Jarosławiu, 2026) Maciejko, Wojciech
Recenzja monografii Macieja Kobaka, pt. Uzasadnienie wyroku wojewódzkiego sądu administracyjnego, Rzeszów 2025, ss. 306
(Poradnia Prawna im. Anny Jenke w Jarosławiu, 2026) Maciejko, Wojciech