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Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w Krakowie
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Najnowsze publikacje
Biochemical and mineral profile of various parts of fruits Styrian oil squash (Cucurbita pepo styriaca group) determined during ripening phases
(De Gruyter, 2026-05-13) Bella, Vladimíra; Fatrcová Šramková, Katarína; Vergun, Olena; Grygorieva, Olga; Brindza, Ján; Nowicki, Marcin; Ivanišová, Eva; Kowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz
Abstract: "The natural mutant Cucurbita pepo Styriaca Group originates from Styria (Austria), known for its hull-less seeds and dark green pumpkin oil with a roasted nut flavour. Seeds and fruit tissues, such as mesocarp, endocarp, exocarp are notable for their nutritional and bioactive compounds, with potential applications in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Our research focused on these components throughout five distinct ripening stages over two consecutive years 2020–2021, examining the dynamics of proteins, amino acids, lipids, minerals, and heavy metals. Protein content varied significantly, the highest in the mesocarp and the lowest in the seeds. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid dominated the amino acid profile, while essential amino acids were most abundant in seeds, with leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine, and isoleucine reaching notable concentrations. Mineral composition shifted during maturation: potassium and phosphorus declined, calcium increased, and elements such as magnesium, copper, and zinc rose in later stages. Heavy metals remained within safe limits across all phases. Biochemical and mineral profiles vary significantly between tissue types and between maturation stages. Our findings highlight young, unripe fruits as a valuable source of proteins and lipids, with the largely neglected endocarp emerging as a promising raw material for diverse applications. Harnessing these underutilized components could open new avenues in the agri-food sector, animal nutrition, and the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, aligning with global trends and local opportunities."(...)
Integrated evaluation of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. essential oil, compared with α-terpineol, β-pinene, borneol, and camphor: In vitro and in situ antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms and insecticidal effects on bruchine beetles
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-05-05) Kačániová, Miroslava; Qiao, Minhang; Zhang, Guiguo; Bianchi, Alessandro; Elizondo-Luevano, Joel Horacio; Hsouna, Anis Ben; Saad, Rania Ben; Ban, Zhaojun; Li, Li; Lou, Jian; Kluz, Maciej Ireneusz; Garzoli, Stefania
Abstract: "The present study evaluated the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, in situ food model, and insecticidal activities of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. white essential oil (CMEO) in comparison with its major constituents α-terpineol, β-pinene, endo-borneol, and camphor. CMEO was chemically characterized by GC–MS and contained mainly α-terpineol, capric acid, β-pinene, α-pinene, and camphene, together accounting for almost the entire identified fraction. In vitro, CMEO showed broader and stronger antimicrobial effects than all the tested constituents against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and Candida spp., as reflected by markedly lower MIC50/MIC90 values, particularly for Yersinia enterocolitica and Candida albicans. In vapor phase tests on apple, pear, parsley, and Hokkaido pumpkin slices, CMEO produced high and concentration-dependent growth inhibition in all microorganisms, including a biofilm-forming Salmonella enterica strain, whereas the individual constituents showed only limited or inconsistent activity, particularly at lower concentrations. Crystal violet assays showed that CMEO inhibited established Salmonella enterica biofilms with MIC50 = 2.46 mg/mL and MIC90 = 2.64 mg/mL, while the individual constituents required markedly higher concentrations, with α-terpineol showing the strongest activity among them (MIC50 = 1.38–3.60 mg/mL). MALDI-TOF MS profiles and MSP dendrograms confirmed clear and time-dependent differences between planktonic and surface-attached cells on wood and stainless steel, with more pronounced shifts in the presence of CMEO. In insecticidal assays, CMEO caused high mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus and Megabruchidius dorsalis down to 25–12.5%, whereas the individual constituents showed only moderate effects, with α-terpineol being the most active (LC50 =24.74% for C. maculatus; LC90 =32.62% for M. dorsalis). Overall, the data demonstrate that CMEO consistently outperforms tested individual constituents across all models, confirming that no single constituent alone accounts for the observed biological activity of the oil."(...)
Animals in Entertainment
(Springer Cham, 2026) Kapera, Izabela; Kapera, Artur
The entertainment sector is a lucrative industry that provides employment to millions of people worldwide and generates significant economic impact. The industry encompasses a wide range of animal applications, including zoos, dolphinariums, circuses, and the use of animals in film productions. This often raises serious concerns regarding the welfare of individual animals and species conservation. This chapter explores examples of animal use in entertainment, examining the economic aspects of the industry and addressing the ethical controversies involved. To improve the welfare of animals in entertainment, several policy proposals are suggested, including financial incentives for transitioning to sanctuary models, taxation and regulation of animal use, and the promotion of innovative technologies as alternatives. These policy proposals aim to ensure the humane treatment of animals while maintaining the economic viability of the entertainment sector.
Membranous E-Cadherin Expression in Different Subtypes of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors and Its Association with Invasiveness
(MDPI, 2026-03-14) Krzentowska, Anna; Biesaga, Beata; Merklinger-Gruchała, Anna; Gołkowski, Filip
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are usually benign intracranial neoplasms that may exhibit invasion of the cavernous sinus, complicating surgery and increasing the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to investigate membranous E-cadherin (mE-cad) expression across PitNET subtypes and transcription factor (TF) lineages, including Pit-1 (pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1), SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1), and TPIT (T-box pituitary transcription factor), and its association with tumor invasiveness in sixty-nine patients. mE-cad expression was evaluated as the percentage of positive cells (0%, 1–10%, >10%) and by immunoreactive score (IRS). Staining intensity was scored as: 0, no staining; 1, weak; 2, moderate; 3, strong. The proportion of positive cells was scored as: 0, none; 1, <10%; 2, 10–50%; 3, 51–80%; 4, >80%. Mean mE-cad expression was 5.2% in gonadotroph, 3.2% in corticotroph, 0.5% in lactotroph, and 17.5% in plurihormonal PitNETs. By TF lineage, the mean expression was 5.3% for Pit-1, 3.2% for TPIT, and 5.1% for SF-1. Low mE-cad expression (IRS 1–2) was associated with higher odds of cavernous sinus invasion compared with IRS 3–6 (adjusted OR = 6.0, 95% CI 1.08–33.4, p = 0.04), independent of tumor volume (adjusted OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.50–10.7, p = 0.01). After restricting the analysis to the gonadotroph PitNET group, tumors with an IRS of 1–2 showed significantly higher invasiveness compared with those with an IRS of 3–6 (p = 0.012). These findings suggest that mE-cad may serve as a biomarker of PitNET invasiveness, with expression varying according to TF lineage and tumor subtype.
Peripheral complement C3 and C4 are associated with clinical features of schizophrenia
(Frontiers, 2026-03-30) Szwajca, Marta; Śmierciak, Natalia; Biesaga, Beata; Donicz, Paulina; Szwajca, Krzysztof; Pilecki, Maciej
Aim: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with heterogeneous outcomes; factors such as anxiety, childhood trauma, and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) may influence symptom severity and disease progression. Growing evidence highlights immune dysregulation—particularly alterations in complement components C3 and C4—in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however, findings regarding peripheral complement levels and their clinical associations remain inconsistent.
Method: Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia underwent clinical assessment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were measured at admission.
Results: In exploratory analyses (nominal p-values), baseline C3 correlated with DUP (r=0.407, p=0.010) and length of hospitalization (r=0.353, p=0.028). Higher C3 was associated with greater symptom severity on PANSS-P1 (r=0.325, p=0.043) and PANSS-G1 (r=0.330, p=0.040), while C4 correlated with PANSSG1 (r=0.322, p=0.045) and multiple PANSS domains after 12 weeks. C3 was associated with anxiety at baseline and after 3 months (STAI-T1: r=0.376, p=0.018; STAI-S1: r=0.372, p=0.020; STAI-T2: r=0.376, p=0.018; STAI-S2: r=0.419, p=0.009), whereas C4 correlated with STAI-T1 (r=0.361, p=0.024), STAI-S1 (r=0.342, p=0.033), and STAI-S2 (r=0.338, p=0.038). Higher C3 and C4
levels were associated with CTQ subscales. C3 correlated negatively with cognitive performance (MoCA1: r=–0.339, p=0.034). However, none of the associations survived Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) correction (all q>0.05).
Conclusion: These exploratory, within-cohort findings suggest that peripheral complement markers relate to variation in clinical severity and illness-course indicators in schizophrenia. Replication in larger, controlled longitudinal studies is warranted.