Repozytorium Uniwersytetu
Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
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Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w Krakowie
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Recent Submissions
Exam Cheating Then and Now: A Comparison of Academic Dishonesty in the World’s Oldest Testing System and Present-day Academia
(Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II, 2024) Sendur, Agnieszka M.
In recent years, cheating in exams has been reported to be a serious issue in many countries. Some believe the problem to be more severe, due to the development of modern technologies. But academic dishonesty is not a new phenomenon. This article is going to look into the cheating methods used in the world’s first examination system in Imperial China and the means devised to prevent these malpractices. These are compared with examples of exam cheating observed in contemporary societies and the measures that institutions take to safeguard test and certificate validity. Cheating practices in Imperial exams are described on the basis of the available literature and the preserved artefacts. The state of the problem of cheating by contemporary students has been assembled, based on research articles. Despite all the changes that have occurred in educational systems over the years, cheating methods have not in essence changed significantly.
Health problems in the care of a patient with prostate cancer
(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2024) Twardak, Iwona; Olejarz, Izabela; Lisowska, Aleksandra; Kraińska, Agnieszka; Twardak, Jerzy
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide,
after lung cancer. In the early stages in Poland it is usually detected accidentally.
Despite effective treatment methods, a large group of men with symptoms
of disseminated cancer process become patients of palliative care. This chapter reports
the case of a man, aged 89, residing in an inpatient hospice with a diagnosis
of advanced prostate cancer (Gleason Score 5 + 3 = 8), with bone metastasis,
who had previously been treated with hormone therapy. At the time of nursing
care, the patient scored ten points on the Barthel Index, seven points on the NRS
pain scale, and nineteen points on the MNA nutrition scale and had a BMI of
20.76. He showed incomplete acceptance of the disease (twenty points on the AIS
scale) and features of mild depression (seventeen points on the Beck depression
scale). The main health problems/nursing diagnosis are pain, swelling, difficult
urination, constipation, weakness and malnutrition. End-stage prostate cancer
has a strong impact on the ability to perform daily activities and limits independence.
Caring for cancer patients requires nurses to be highly qualified and skilled,
as well as capable of showing understanding and compassion.
Nursing care of a patient with hormonally inactive pituitary macroadenoma
(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2024) Klisowska, Iwona; Bombska, Aleksandra; Salik, Katarzyna; Felińczak, Anna; Seń, Mariola
Pituitary tumours are slow-growing benign neoplasms that account for approximately
15% of all intracranial tumours. The diagnosis of pituitary tumours includes
clinical signs and neuroimaging studies. This case report concerns a woman,
now 71 years old, who was first hospitalised for increasing headaches and
vomiting at the age of 38. A diagnosis of meningeal syndrome and destruction
of the saddle of Turkey was made. The first operation to remove the pituitary
macroadenoma via the transsphenoidal route took place fifteen years after diagnosis
and, due to regrowth of the inactive pituitary adenoma, reoperation was
performed twice after a further five years. The last surgery was complicated by paralysis
of the right peroneal nerve and paralysis of the adductor nerve on the left
side. The implementation of nursing care is based on the application of measures
aimed at reducing discomfort, eliminating possible complications, increasing the
patient’s level of independence, providing education and counselling on lifestyle
changes, and coping with the limitations imposed by the disease.
Care of a patient with coronary artery disease: a case report
(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2024) Dąbek, Anna; Wójcik, Marta; Zborowska, Iwona
Ischemic heart disease is a condition of ischemia in the coronary arteries of
the heart, the most common cause of which (98% of cases) is atherosclerotic
lesions. Although a great deal is known about ischemic heart disease, there is
a constant need to update knowledge regarding treatment, prevention and the
behaviour of nursing staff towards patients. This is because coronary heart disease,
despite the fact that a lot is known about its pathomechanism and risk
factors, still has high mortality rates.
Model of nursing care for a patient after thyroid cancer dissemination and metastasis of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma according to the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®)
(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2024) Bańdo, Marcelina; Bakalarz, Renata
Thyroid cancer is a malignant neoplasm derived from the follicular cells of the
thyroid gland, in addition to medullary carcinoma, which arises from neuroendocrine
C cells. The last thirty years have seen a sharp increase in thyroid cancer
cases.
The purpose of this study is to present a model of nursing care according
to the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) for a 77-year-old
patient after thyroid cancer dissemination and metastasis of papillary and follicular
carcinoma. The patient required a right parietal-occipital craniectomy and
Grunenwald incision, excision of the lesion with resection of the trachea, with
excision of the left internal jugular vein, plasty of both the left venous angle and
the outlet of the lowest thyroid vein to the left brachiocephalic vein, as well as
drainage of the left pleural cavity. Medical records, a patient interview, a patient
family interview, and assessment using scales were analysed: the VAS Scale, the
life satisfaction scale and cancer adjustment questionnaire. The onset of cancer
completely changes the functioning and life of the patient as well as of his/her
family and loved ones, which is why family education and emotional support
are so important. The ICNP® is a significant facilitator in the development of the
nursing process and is also a facilitator of communication between nursing staff
from around the world.