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Pozycja Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka 2022, nr 4 (XLIX): Stress in uniformed services(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Ostrowska, Monika; Mazur, Sławomir; Janik, Krzysztof; Skowroński, Andrzej; Podlasiński, Cezary; Gut, Jerzy; Niedziela, Kamil; Mihalčová, Bohuslava; Pružinský, Michal; Osmólska, Iwona; Pruchniak, Józef; Stojecka-Zuber, Renata; Nowak, Zbigniew; Nagody-Mrozowicz, Kazimierz; Mrozowicz, Konstanty; Wojtycza, JanuszIntroduction: "The term stress has become very popular in recent years. Although widely used, it is still ambiguous. It is applied when referring to uncommon, traumatic events, but also with regard to everyday life situations and related experiences. The concept of stress is derived from the works of physiologist Walter Cannon and endocrinologist Hans Selye and concerns primarily biological stress considered in terms of reactions to present stimuli. Any symptoms of maladjustment or lack of adaptation are treated as indicators of stress. Cannon used the term stress to describe the ‘fight or flight’ response triggered to restore the disturbed balance of the body as a result of the activity of disruptive stimuli."(...)Pozycja Combat stress within the Polish Armed Forces(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Ostrowska, Monika; Podlasiński, CezaryThe military forces usually conjure up the image of soldiers who serve in a given country, or those who carry out their duties in peacekeeping missions. They are frequently in the spotlight during their stay in the area of their operations and the performance of their duties. The memories of them and of any of the possible problems that they may encounter usually fade away once they have gone back to their country, or once they have returned to their parent unit. Interestingly, this rule also applies to other members of the military personnel. Service in the army, which frequently implies exposure to atrocities and ongoing hostilities, undoubtedly leaves its mark on people’s physical and mental health, and it can also have a major impact on the lives of professional soldiers and their families. Paradoxically, the level of stress experienced increases as the sense of a real threat goes down. Being a soldier is one of those professions in which exposure to stress is high, and there is a major risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in those members of the armed forces who have taken part in foreign missions. This paper looks at the historical background of the phenomenon, its symptoms, its methods of diagnosis, as well as the entire system of monitoring, supporting and treating post-traumatic stress in the Polish Armed Forces. Such a study has been possible thanks to a thorough analysis of the applicable pieces of legislation, backed by an insight into a series guidelines, orders and dispositions given at all levels of command and supervision in the army.Pozycja Jakość życia u kobiet i dzieci, które padły ofiarą przemocy w rodzinie(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2015) Mirski, AndrzejThe purpose of this article is to tackle the problem of quality of life in people who have been victims of domestic violence, especially women and children, because the study focus on these groups. Of course, there is also domestic violence against men, which is equally dangerous. In the article domestic violence has been defi ned from a scientifi c point of view and discussed both the eff ects of domestic violence and mental health problems resulting from violence (especially PTSD, anxiety, and depressive disorders). The article discusses the quality of life in people who have suff ered domestic violence and how to improve it. Finally, a schedule of corrective – educational program for perpetrators of violence was presented and its assessment and survey on the attitudes of participants fi nalized the program, the usefulness of acquired knowledge and its impact on behavior. The article shows that appropriate therapeutic intervention, combined with eff ective social support, as well as directing interventions in relation to people using violence is the chance to help victims of violence by improving their quality of life.Pozycja Koszty zdrowotne i społeczne przemocy domowej wobec kobiet(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2012) Lelek-Kratiuk, Marzena; Pawłowski, LeszekDomestic violence is a serious threat to the safety of citizens of modern Europe. According to the Council of Europe, one European woman in four is experiencing domestic violence, at some point of her life (statistics on the basis of the report of the Council of Europe of 2002). Based on the latest literature, authors conducted an analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence against women in two dimensions: the psycho-medical and the socioeconomic. In the psycho-medical dimension there was presented and evaluated the battered woman syndrome the term popularized by L.E.A. Walker. This combination of symptoms considered initially as relatively specifi c, in the light of the research proved to be heterogeneous: among women subjected to violence there are observed symptoms of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), or characteristic symptoms of depression or anxiety. Remains open question whether the observed PTSD resulting from domestic violence differ qualitatively from the others (e.g., occurring as a result of accidents or disasters). In the socio-economic dimension, the paper presents results of the survey that indicates a decrease in tolerance for violence against women in the countries of the EU and an increase of “social vigilance” for this type of pathology. British studies show that expanding the institutional support for the victims causes a decline in the rate of domestic violence, which is refl ected in lower economic costs associated with this pathological phenomenon. Based on methodology used for counting the costs of crime, British researchers have estimated the total cost of domestic violence occurring in the UK at around 23 billion pounds a year in 2001 and around 16 billion a year in 2008.