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Pozycja Małopolsko-śląska akcja pomocy w wypełnianiu tzw. PIT-ów jako przykład przedsądowej i quasi-przedsądowej pomocy prawnej w obliczu reformy wymiaru sprawiedliwości(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Klimek, PawełThe Polish judicial system, and thus also the justice system, should be reformed, asis overloaded with the number of considered cases. However this reform can be possible only thank to the cooperation of various environments and work at the grass roots (within the broadly understood justice system). Th e reform should lead to a situation, where as many cases and disputes as possible could be solved outside the courtroom. Th erefore, the reform should focus on facilitating such solutions as: alternative dispute resolution methods, the methods of pre-court selection of cases and legal education. All the mentioned solutions refl ect the principle of the Hippocratic oath which states, that “prevention is better than cure”. Th e Malopolska-Silesian campaign off ering help in fi lling out the personal income tax return forms is one of few examples of cooperation between a law clinic and a free legal aid society, i.e. two entities co creating the justice system and supporting social groups that cannot aff ord to use legal services. Th erefore, such projects should be broadly discussed, modifi ed and widely promoted.Pozycja Polityka rozwojowa Niemiec jako czynnik stabilizacji i bezpieczeństwa państw upadłych na przykładzie Afganistanu i państw Afryki Subsaharyjskiej(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2015) Paterek, AnnaFragile states pose a risk to regional and global security and an immense challenge to international development cooperation. The term fragile states generally refers to countries with dysfunctional, deteriorating or collapsed central authorities, as well as weak, failed, failing and collapsed states. In recent years they have attracted considerable and increased attention in the international development community, including the German development policy. Documents such as the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) strategy “Developmentoriented Transformation in Conditions of Fragile Statehood and Poor Government Performance” and the guidelines on dealings with troubled states demonstrate that the German development cooperation has tried to tailor its approaches to these circumstances. This new policy crosses ministry boundaries and sets out a framework of closely action for the German foreign ministry, the defense ministry and the ministry for economic cooperation. This paper gives a short summary of the German policy towards fragile states, portrays their limitations, efforts and strategies for the future. Key words: fragile states, development policy, development cooperation, Germany, ODA, aidPozycja Studia Prawnicze. Rozprawy i Materiały nr 2 (25), 2019(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Krawiec, Grzegorz; Bałos, Iga; Partyk, Aleksandra; Szpyt, Kamil; Więzowska-Czepiel, Beata; Czochra, Marzena; Bar, Damian; Urbanik, Grzegorz; Klimek, Paweł; Kinecka, Lucyna; Laskowski, Rafał; Ingram, Artur