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Pozycja Decyzje rynkowe w obliczu kryzysu: wybrane aspekty(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Rybicki, Jacek; Pawłowska, Beata; Kreft, Zbigniew; Walas-Trębacz, Jolanta; Płonka, Maria; Surówka-Marszałek, Danuta; Śmigielska, Grażyna; Mikuš, Pavel; Łukasik, Paweł; Podolec, Barbara; Kochaniak, Katarzyna; Zborowska, Władysława; Trzaska, Barbara; Lysá, Ľudmila; Vukotić, Alenka; Fatuła, DariuszPozycja Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe nr 1 (XIV), 2017 (Kryzys funkcjonowania oraz roli międzynarodowej Unii Europejskiej w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku : Część 1: Zagrożenia, wyzwania i przyszłość unijnej polityki bezpieczeństwa)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2017) Żukrowska, Katarzyna; Zięba, Ryszard; Miszczak, Krzysztof; Lasoń, Marcin; Molo, Beata; Marczuk, Karina; Mickiewicz, Piotr; Waśko-Owsiejczuk, Ewelina; Leunig, Ragnar; Kudzin-Borkowska, Małgorzata; Cziomer, Erhard; Bednarczyk, BogusławaZe wstępu: Dwa numery „Krakowskich Studiów Międzynarodowych” (KSM) przygotowane w 2017 r. zawierają pogłębione analizy i oceny przyczyn, istoty i następstw postępującego w ostatnich dwóch latach kryzysu Unii Europejskiej (UE). Nawiązują one tematycznie do numerów, które ukazały się w latach 2014–2016, a omawiały między innymi: strategiczne oraz gospodarcze aspekty współpracy transatlantyckiej, współzależności bezpieczeństwa globalnego i transatlantyckiego oraz problemy współpracy Polski z Niemcami w UE.Pozycja Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe nr 4, 2010 (Wyzwania bezpieczeństwa, integracji europejskiej oraz współpracy międzynarodowej w XXI w.)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2010) Cziomer, Erhard; Molo, Beata; Lasoń, Marcin; Stańczyk, Jerzy; Mazurek, Kamila; Paterek, Anna; Czajkowska, Katarzyna; Diawoł, Anna; Piziak-Rapacz, Anna; Ożóg, Justyna; Lasoń, Marcin; Bednarczyk, BogusławaAutorzy w swoich rozważaniach skupili się m.in. na wymiarze globalnym i regionalnym procesów polityczno-prawnych, społeczno-gospodarczych i militarnych w ujęciu zarówno historycznym, jak i współczesnym. Omówili także strategie państw, założenia doktrynalne partii i ruchów politycznych. Zaakcentowali rolę instytucji i organizacji międzynarodowych w działaniach na rzecz bezpieczeństwa i współpracy międzynarodowej.Pozycja Liberalny kapitalizm w kryzysie: wybrane problemy(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2013) Księżyk, Marianna; Dziwiński, Piotr; Stankiewicz, Jakub; Wyrwicz, Marek; Michalski, Marek; Tarnawski, Marcin; Księżyk, MariannaWychodząc więc z założenia, że konieczne jest stworzenie nowej społecznie pożądanej rzeczywistości oraz mając nadzieję, że państwa będą zdolne uwolnić się od liberalnych złudzeń, w niniejszej monografii przedstawiono nie tylko przyczyny, źródła i ekonomiczne skutki obecnego fundamentalnego kryzysu kapitalizmu, ale i współczesne systemy gospodarcze nieoparte na doktrynie liberalizmu rynkowego.Pozycja Poland, Hungary, the World: selected aspects of contemporary economy, culture, and science(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Paterek, Anna; Szilágyi, Barnabás; Mydel, Rajmund; Juhász, Csilla; Gerda, István Zsolt; Kerülő, Judit; Láczay, Magdolna; Riczu, Zoltán; Csutkai, Réka; Budzowski, Klemens; Czermińska, Małgorzata; Zysk, Wojciech; Lasoń, Marcin; Balogh, Zoltán; Dancsi, Katalin; Molo, Beata; Egri, Imre; Nagy, Gergely; Bilanics, Ágnes; Galó, Miklós; Szabolcs, Pásztor; Szakál, Zoltán; Barabásné, Dóra Kárpáti; Budzowski, Klemens; Láczay, MagdolnaPozycja Przyczyny i skutki kryzysu w ujęciu makro- i mikroekonomicznym(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Fatuła, DariuszPozycja Szansa Polski po kryzysie finansowym 2007/2008+(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2013) Żukrowska, KatarzynaThe Polish economy has proved that it works better in difficult (read crisis) conditions than the most economies in the region as well as the economies from the group of most developed economically states. Poland in the group of OECD was shown in parallel to Australia and New Zealand, which represent on that lists and rankings relatively better position than Czech Republic or Slovakia. The achieved results are effect of different transformation strategies which were applied in Poland in comparison to remaining economies from the region. This is evidenced by relatively high and still in rise position of Poland in different rankings: growth and job creation, competitiveness, political risk, dynamics of changes, rates of growth, macrostabilization etc. Good economic performance determines the social and political climate of the country, enabling it to continue changes which are required by a catching up economy in global and restructuring world economy. Poland was consequently in her transformation strategy preparing its economy to work in conditions which are characterized by more intensified cooperation than the one of the remaining countries in question. The Polish experience of transformation was conducted in a different way than the strategies of Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The evident success of the applied strategy in light of a number of states which wait in a subordinated manner to join the main stream economy. In the past IMF, World Bank in their yearbooks published regularly. This experience indicates clearly that Poland is able to prepare the countries of the two European dimension (Eastern and Southern) for training. This can has a specific impact on preparation of such changes with participation of Poland. Poland can use its own experience to build-up the EU’s Transformation Compendium. Poland is also able and willing to support by knowledge, models and expertise processes of systemic changes and after development in states which try to enter the road of changes, growth and catching up.Pozycja Wachstum und schulden in Europa(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2012) Dauderstädt, MichaelIn the current debate on the Euro crisis, the received wisdom considers too much debt as the main cause. Profligate debtors, primarily governments, are supposed to be the culprits. Resolving the crisis requires therefore a massive deleveraging. Germany, in particular, abhors debt and sees it as the original sin. The German word for debt (“Schulden”) connotes already “guilt” (in German: “Schuld”). Actually, debt is a necessary core element of any capitalist economy. Without debt there can hardly be growth. It is debtors, not savers who are the drivers of growth. Growth is also the best way to get out of a debt crisis. Capital and asset markets are supposed to finance growth, identify investment opportunities ant to reduce risks. But often they fail, and are driven by manias and panics rather than prudent assessment. Growth in Europe has been strongly unbalanced during the last 10–15 years. While countries in the European periphery enjoyed high growth, fueled by increasing private debt, Germany’s economy stagnated and saved. Subsequently the debtor countries showed high current account deficits while Germany had large export surpluses. The financial crisis stopped suddenly the access to new credits and thus growth. This hard landing triggered a recession which required government spending to stimulate the economy and to bail out banks which in turn increased public debt dramatically. In spite of a fast recovery a panic in the government bond markets followed in the Euro zone. This panic resulted less from unacceptably high debt levels but from a flawed design of the Euro zone’s institutions (lack of a lender of last resort) and wrong policies. The austerity policies which were enforced by Germany and the European Union (EU) exacerbated the crisis and slowed or reversed the recovery. Debt and wealth are just two sides of the same medal and can only be changed together as the global net monetary investment position is always zero. Deleveraging is easiest in a context of growth, when creditors spend and reduce their savings. All the other options are worse: Spending cuts which lead to deflation and depression, bankruptcies or – though somewhat less disruptive – the real devaluation of debt by inflation. Growth with deleveraging requires the spending of debtors which generate and increase debtors’ revenues. Given the distribution of assets and debts, such a process implies that rich households (the net creditors) have to spend more in a way which either directly or indirectly leads to higher revenues of the indebted governments. Besides a levy on wealth and higher taxes for the rich the market solution would require massive real economy investment by the creditors which would trigger new growth, increase profits and wages which in turn would provide more tax revenues. Growth will resume when credits flow again and therefore, paradoxically, new debt is created. This will only happen when potential investors meet potential debtors with higher and more sustainable income. This requires a redistribution of income in favor of poorer households, enterprises ready to invest and governments which up to now took over the risks. A leaner and better regulated financial sector should focus on financing these adjustments in the real economy. The European Central Bank (ECB) should support such a process of growth and deleveraging by a permissive monetary policy, which aim at a target of nominal GDP growth of 4–6% rather than at an inflation target of 2%. A slightly higher rate of inflation would lower the government debt ratio (debt/GDP) in the long run. The countries of the Euro zone need a lender of last resort, possibly by creating a European Monetary Fund which should have unlimited access to ECB liquidity.