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Pozycja Realizacja wymagań dotyczących kształcenia językowego na wyższych uczelniach na podstawie analizy wybranych przykładów(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016) Sendur, Agnieszka M.The implementation of new regulations concerning language abilities of university students has sparked a discussion regarding the nature of university foreign language classes as well as effective methods of teaching. How, then, do the universities manage the expectations of the lawmakers concerning the level of foreign language fluency at different stages of university education and the knowledge of specialized vocabulary according to the studied discipline? Are (and if so, then how) those language skills verified? The following article attempts to answer those questions, on the basis of a study conducted in the academic years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, concerning foreign language examinations in three types of universities.Pozycja Świat certyfikatów językowych. Jak znaleźć egzamin z języka angielskiego dopasowany do swoich potrzeb?(©Fundacja Rozwoju Systemu Edukacji, Warszawa 2025, 2025) Sendur, Agnieszka M.The selection of an English certification exam is an important and difficult decision influenced by various factors, including the candidate’s goals, language proficiency level and institutional requirements. This article explores the diverse types of certification exams available, addressing their purposes, target audiences and specific features. It highlights the importance of aligning the choice of exam with personal and professional objectives, such as higher education, career advancement or migration. Additionally, it examines key aspects like the validity period of certificates, cost considerations and preparation strategies. The discussion also touches upon the differences in exam formats, including computer-based and traditional paper-based tests, as well as the role of human interaction in oral sections. By providing an overview of these crucial factors, the article aims to assist candidates in making informed decisions to achieve optimal outcomes tailored to their individual needs.