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Pozycja Państwo i Społeczeństwo nr 1, 2004(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2004) Kubiak, Hieronim; Pucek, Zbigniew; Szmyd, Jan; Cziomer, Erhard; Mydel, Rajmund; Fassmann, Heinz; Ślusarczyk, Magdalena; Czamomski, Michał; Majchrowski, Jacek M.; Staszków, Jan; Pankowicz, Andrzej; Kliś, Maria; Maślanka, Tomasz; Trafas, Kazimierz; Dołhasz, Magdalena; Zębala, Elżbieta; Zarzycki, Zdzisław; Kapiszewski, AndrzejPozycja Państwo i Społeczeństwo nr 2, 2005 : Media i Polityka(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2005) Krauz-Mozer, Barbara; Gałkowska, Agnieszka; Gałkowski, Stanisław; Rittel, Stefan; Pokorna-Ignatowicz, Katarzyna; Nieć, Mateusz; Nowosad, Andrzej; Kasińska-Metryka, Agnieszka; Płudowski, Tomasz; Winiarska, Małgorzata; Szymańska, Agnieszka; Romiszewska, Beata; Romiszewska, Beata; Tokarz, Grzegorz; Sznajder, Agnieszka; Stępień, Stefan; Borowiec, Piotr; Malinowski, Maciej; Prostak, Agnieszka; Kawalec, Joanna; Konopka, Joanna; Pawłowski, Michał; Rudek, Joanna; Kilian, Stanisław; Walecka-Rynduch, Agnieszka; Kilian, Stanisław; Kapiszewski, AndrzejPozycja The making of national consciousness(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2004) Kubiak, Hieronim"The question contained in the title of this paper, a question essentially referring to the scope of a person’s freedom within his own group relationships and his authentic opportunity to choose his own identity, is at least as old as the concept of national awareness itself. Both these matters - at least in Europę - date back to the first half of the 19lh century and are closely linked to one another. This is because national awareness - “selected history and the group of symbols connected with it” (Deutch 1953: 389) - is not borne of simple primary extrapolation of ethnic awareness, arising spontaneously, but - on the contrary - it is a thing which must be created by intellectuals and institutions. It is not enough, for this purpose - to bring about the emergence of a separate nation. The very naturę of this process was finely expressed by Massimo d ’Azeglio in his famous declaration in the mid-19th century: “Abbiamo fatto 1’Italia, adesso dobbiamo fare Italiani” (Latham 1970). Similar thoughts are expressed by phrases such as “transformation of the peasants into the French” or, in Polish, “nationalising the peasant”."(...)