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    Matrimonial property regimes in the Congress Kingdom of Poland on the basis of premarital contracts drawn up by the first notaries in Łódź
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Wiśniewska, Dorota
    The Civil Code of the Kingdom of Poland (KCKP), enacted on June 1, 1825, stated that property relations in marriage could develop within the statutory property regime, which was the exclusive property regime or the contractual regime adopted by the spouses. KCKP regulated the principles of operation of the three main property regimes that could be introduced by agreement. The future spouses could simply bind their property relations to one of these regimes, or make any modifications to them. In addition, they were allowed to adopt a completely different, arbitrary system, as long as the rules of its functioning did not violate the law or good morals, and were specified in detail in the contract. The contractual systems regulated in the code were: property separation, dowry property regime and joint property. In practice of first notaries in the years 1841–1875 in Łódź, most commonly adopted property regimes were those that combined the features of two regimes, i.e. property exclusivity and joint property, or a dowry regime and joint property. However, the principles of the functioning of these systems adopted in premarital agreements were not uniform. The bride and groom decided on various combinations in terms of subjecting individual property components to property exclusivity, possibly to a dowry government, or joint ownership. The regimes of exclusive property and joint property as well as the dowry regime and joint property regimes were attractive for spouses, due to their flexibility, the possibility of adjusting the arrangements to the financial situation of future spouses.
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    Sporządzanie aktów notarialnych z wykorzystaniem elektronicznych środków porozumiewania się na odległość – głos w dyskusji
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Bocheńczak, Adrianna
    Artykuł zawiera analizę propozycji reformy trybu dokonywania czynności notarialnych w Polsce przez notariuszy. Analiza opiera się na ocenie adekwatności zgłaszanych postulatów dotyczących m.in. sporządzania aktów notarialnych z wykorzystaniem elektronicznych środków porozumiewania się na odległość. Tekst zawiera szczegółowe wskazanie z jednoczesnych omówieniem konkretnych pomysłów zmian, które wymagają dopracowania celem zagwarantowania bezpieczeństwa w dokonywaniu czynności notarialnych na odległość oraz zapewnienia ich legalności, w tym zgodności z przepisami ustawy z dnia 14 lutego 1991 roku – Prawo o notariacie. W artykule zawarte zostały liczne uwagi krytyczne dotyczące cyfryzacji notariatu, nadto nakreślono i uzasadniono obawy środowiska notarialnego dotyczące proponowanych zmian z jednoczesnym wskazaniem obszarów wymagających doprecyzowania umożliwiających rozpoczęcie ewentualnych prac nad dokonywaniem czynności notarialnych online.
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    Testamentary Law in Congress Poland on the example of the files of the Zgierz notaries in the years 1826–1875
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Bieda, Justyna
    Contemporary Polish inheritance law adopts the principles of freedom of testing, assuming that everyone has the right to freely dispose of their property in the event of death by way of a will. The freedom of testing, however, is not something obvious and it was not the one that governed inheritance in Poland during the period of the First Polish Republic. It was not until the 19th century that it brought Europe, including the Polish lands, profound changes in the field of inheritance law. The general rule of freedom of testing was, in principle, the first in modern Europe to be introduced by the Napoleonic Code of 1804, in force in Poland from 1808 until 1846. However, the guaranteed principle of freedom of testing experienced serious restrictions if the testator had descendants or the spouse, although, as practice shows, the writers were often guided by their own sense of justice, and not by law. The Napoleonic Code envisaged three forms of last wills: a public will, a secret will, and a handwritten will. The first two forms were subject to a number of formal conditions. A handwritten will, on the other hand, although it only required the writer to be able to write, was not popular, probably because of the society’s considerable illiteracy. Although the right to obtain testamentary bequests was universal, it was not absolute. The legislator provided for certain restrictions dictated primarily by social considerations, aimed at eliminating the pressure on the legislator. The property dispositions predominantly concerned the testator’s entire property and covered both all movable and immovable property. In the light of the deeds of the Zgierz notaries, the most popular form of property dispositions in the event of death was the making of testamentary dispositions in the form of a special clause, transferring all possessed property, its part or individual components.