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    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe 2021, nr 1 (XVIII), Donald Trump’s Presidency – the Unfinished Rebellion
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Bryk, Andrzej; Rabkin, Jeremy; Sadowski, Mirosław Michał; Dadak, Kazimierz; Domaradzki, Spasimir; Wolfe, Christopher
    From introduction: "Donald Trump’s one term presidency is over. Its end coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic which shook not only the health but politics as well and forced everyone to ask a question how it warped perceptions of the American electorate as far as successes and failures of Trump’s presidency were concerned. One could also easily define the election of 2020 as a referendum over Trump himself, a man who had, as someone said “an exhausting penchant for saying the wrong things” at the wrong time, including the pandemic time, in much the same way as his rival Joe Biden had a life-long penchant for gaffes. But whatever Trump’s individual faults and merits, his victory was a consequence of a growing sense of destabilisation, breakdown of solidarity, growing ‘homelessness’ of millions of people in response to liberal globalism’s dysfunctions and a corresponding rise of the so-called “populist” rebellions. They caught global liberal establishment firmly entrenched both internationally and in their own countries by surprise provoking vitriolic attacks causing deep polarizations especially in America divided against itself as never before."(...)
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    Law and Collective Memory in the Service of Illiberalism. Through the Looking-Glass: Transformation or a Reactionary Revolution?
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Sadowski, Mirosław Michał
    The past decade has seen profound changes take place in Central Europe, notably in Poland and Hungary. Countries once hailed as model liberal democracies have travelled through the looking glass, turning into their own illiberal reflections. Was it a transformation, or a revolution, a reactionary one, as some researchers argue? The purpose of this paper is to analyse these changes in the region, with a special focus on law and collective memory, which have been in a way turned into the instruments of the illiberal transition. In the introductory part of the paper the author provides the background of the transformation, briefly outlining the question of the rule of law in the region. The first part of the paper is devoted to the legal causes of the recent changes in Poland and Hungary, with the role played by their defective constitutions highlighted. In the second part of the paper the author focuses on the process of changes itself, showing how liberal legal mechanisms (e.g. constitutional tribunals, rules of parliamentary proceedings) were in a way highjacked and reemployed to serve the new illiberal system. The third part of the paper is devoted to the role played by collective memories in the current changes, with the author showing how the illiberal state uses a variety of methods, from renaming the streets to implementing memory laws, to foster certain version of the social perceptions of the past. Ultimately, in the concluding remarks the author poses the eponymous question pondering whether the journey through the looking glass was more of a transformation or a revolution for Poland and Hungary.