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Pozycja Social Justice and the Metaphor of Gaps(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2008) Minogue, Kenneth"The doctrine of social justice is a rather curious name for the project of equalising the access of all citizens to whatever is valuable. It is a curious name because justice traditionally means that individuals have rights to something they are entitled to, and this is commonly defined in terms of custom and law, though justice may also be used as a moral judgement based on a less definite kind of value. Social justice however argues injustice on the mere fact of inequality. To be human is to deserve to enjoy whatever anyone else enjoys. The element of desert has dropped out, though some qualifications based on economic functionality may often be recognised. A great deal of modern political philosophy consists in variations on this theme."(...)Pozycja The relation of christianity and liberal democracy in America(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Kraynak, Robert"The relation of Christianity and liberal democracy is generally assumed to be harmonious in the United States, especially when compared to many European nations where the relation seems hostile or indifferent. Indeed, most Americans think that an essential harmony between religion and democracy is a long-standing tradition that can be traced back to the American founding fathers in the eighteenth century. European observers, such as Alexis de Tocqueville, also noticed that Christianity and liberal democracy were mutually supportive in America, in contrast to France, where the two had settled into a relation of mutual hostility."(...)