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    Apolitical reality of Polish Police
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Osmólska, Iwona; Pruchniak, Józef
    The aim of the study is not only an attempt to define the concept of “apoliticality of the police” and its meaning, but above all, to draw attention to the increasingly emerging problem of interference by the participants of the political scene in the work of the Polish Police. For the purposes of this study, the notions of “political neutrality” and “apoliticality” are equivalent and synonymous. The main problem is the search for an answer to the question of whether the Polish Police nowadays are adequately protected against the influence of political pressure? The text uses theoretical research methods, including literature analysis and statistical data analysis. It was assumed that the apolitical nature of the police means the lack of involvement of police officers in political activities and the scrupulous and impartial performance of official duties, regardless of what is happening on the Polish political scene. The results of the conducted analyses allow the conclusion that the apolitical nature of the Polish Police is a mystification because it is insufficiently protected against the influence of politics, which as a consequence leads to a reduction in its effectiveness and social trust.
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    Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka 2022, nr 4 (XLIX): Stress in uniformed services
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2022) Ostrowska, Monika; Mazur, Sławomir; Janik, Krzysztof; Skowroński, Andrzej; Podlasiński, Cezary; Gut, Jerzy; Niedziela, Kamil; Mihalčová, Bohuslava; Pružinský, Michal; Osmólska, Iwona; Pruchniak, Józef; Stojecka-Zuber, Renata; Nowak, Zbigniew; Nagody-Mrozowicz, Kazimierz; Mrozowicz, Konstanty; Wojtycza, Janusz
    Introduction: "The term stress has become very popular in recent years. Although widely used, it is still ambiguous. It is applied when referring to uncommon, traumatic events, but also with regard to everyday life situations and related experiences. The concept of stress is derived from the works of physiologist Walter Cannon and endocrinologist Hans Selye and concerns primarily biological stress considered in terms of reactions to present stimuli. Any symptoms of maladjustment or lack of adaptation are treated as indicators of stress. Cannon used the term stress to describe the ‘fight or flight’ response triggered to restore the disturbed balance of the body as a result of the activity of disruptive stimuli."(...)