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Pozycja Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe nr 2, 2009 (Liberty and virtue in America)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Bryk, Andrzej; McClay, Wilfred M.; Delsol, Chantal; Kraynak, Robert; Bradley, Gerard; Smith, Rogers; Gamble, Richard; Zuckert, Michael; Lawler, Peter Augustine; Zuckert, Catherine; Blitz, Mark; Rabkin, Jeremy; Kubiak, Hieronim; Kristol, Irving; Bryk, Andrzej; Bednarczyk, BogusławaPozycja Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe nr 1, 2008 (The United States, The European Union and Modernity)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2008) Bryk, Andrzej; Minogue, Kenneth; lzquierdo, David Lorenzo; Mansfield, Harvey C.; Brachowicz, Maciej; Brachowicz, Maciej; Wolfe, Christopher; Sirico, Robert A.; du Vall, Marta; Dadak, Kazimierz; Grzeszczyk, Ewa; Skawińska, Katarzyna; Butrymowicz, Magdalena; Michalik, Piotr; Chlipała, Michał; Chlipała, Michał; Kirk, Russell; Zbrojewska, Monika; Bryk, AndrzejPozycja Liberty and Yirtue in the American Founding(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2008) Mansfield, Harvey C."Liberty and virtue are not a likely pair. At first sight they seem to be contraries, for liberty appears to mean living as you please and virtue to mean living not as you please but as you ought. It does not seem likely that a society dedicated to liberty could make much of virtue, nor that one resolved to have virtue could pride itself on liberty. Yet liberty and virtue also seem necessary to each other. A free people, with greater opportunity to misbehave than a people in shackles, needs the guidance of an inner force to replace the lack of external restraint. And virtue cannot come from within, or truly be virtue, unless it is voluntary and people are free to choose it. Americans are, and think themselves to be, a free people first of all. Whatever virtue they have, and however much, is a counterpoint to the theme of liberty. But how do they manage to make virtue and liberty harmonious?"(...)Pozycja Whence virtue? Whence justice? Whence morality? America and modernity(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Bryk, Andrzej"The United States is a quintessentially modern nation, in fact the first modern nation in history. In America all the problems of modernity happened first, and all the answers to the problems encountered have been tried accordingly. In the 1830s Alexis de Tocqueville defined the problems America experienced as a universal problem of democracy, but democracy here could as well mean modernity. The experiment which was called America has for this reason always been a challenge for Europe and the rest of the world, with very ambivalent feelings towards it. For some, hatred of America comes easily, spontaneously; for others love and reverence for her is spontantenous. Both passions come from the same understanding: that in America everything which has happened to human beings may happen to the people of modernity sooner or later. For some, it is a reason for trembling with fear. For others the reason for hope. This hope comes from a realization, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, that if in a modern civilization we encounter a situation when everything has been tried and failed, there is still hope that Americans will come with a proper solution to the challenge. In that sense, America is a homeland of all people of modernity, whether we like it or not, and we may say that whoever hates America, hates today, to a certain extent, humankind."(...)