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Pozycja A History Note A Peep at the “Peak Of Tension (POT)” Test & other “Recognition Tests”(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Amsel, Tuvya T."Recognition Test “Polygraph techniques can be divided into two major categories, knowledge-based tests, also called recognition tests, and deception based tests. Ther ecognition test family of PDD techniques includes; peak of tension tests (known & searching/probing), acquaintance (stimulation) tests and concealed information (Guilty Knowledge Test) tests. They attempt to determine if the examinee has knowledge only available to persons directly involved in an incident of concern.” [1]"(...)Pozycja An Urban Legend Called: “The 7/38/55 Ratio Rule”(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Amsel, Tuvya T."We have all experienced, consciously or subconsciously, that the spoken words are but one element of the conveyed message. Along with the words we notice the intonation of the voice, the rhythm and speed, the speaker’s expressions and body language. Many times, the non-verbal cues and signs carry a greater infl uence on the listener than the spoken word."(...)Pozycja Behind the Scenes of a Protocoled Polygraph Test(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Uniwersytetu Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w Krakowie, 2024) Amsel, Tuvya T.Contrary to the past in where polygraph examiners practiced an “intuitive-based practice” grounded on several industry leaders experience, consequently having various schools of thoughts, modern polygraph examiners follow a test protocol based and rooted in research. As effective as the “evidence- based- practice” is, it does not cover all ranges of cases, examinees, situations, and contaminations which may carry a misleading affect. The purpose of this paper is to draw examiners attention to the existing potential hazards surrounding a protocoled standard of practice and suggest solutions in order to alter the test to the examinee (“tailor made” style test) rather than alter the examinee to the test (“one size fits all” style test).Pozycja “Believe your chart but don’t ignore your nose” John Reid(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Uniwersytetu Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w Krakowie, 2025) Amsel, Tuvya T.Contrary to the past when in addition to chart analysis out of chart information such as: case data, examinees behavior clues, and alike, were factored into the decision-making process of a polygraph test conclusion, today’s approach render the decision based ONLY on numerical scoring analysis i.e., quantifying numerically the differences in the physiological responses between the relevant question and the comparison question. This article suggests that due to test’s complexity along with the numerical analysis inherent weaknesses, that affect the decisions outcomes examiners should engage their intuition, which was found to be an accumulated subconscious information gained over life experience, as a quality observer mean in their decision- making process.Pozycja Does the Law Circumvent Justice from Being Served?(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Amsel, Tuvya T."Law – a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed […] or formally recognized as binding […] enforced by a controlling authority […]. Th e courts exist to uphold, interpret, and apply the law [1]. Justice – the legal system that a country uses in order to deal with people who break the law […] the administration of law according to prescribed and accepted principles [2]. In accordance with these defi nitions the Courts’ objective (judges, jurors or tribunals) is to determine whether or not the defendant who stands for trial has committed the offense s/he is accused of. In order to render their decision, courts practically travel back in time and re-construct and re-vive the occurrence surrounding the off ense in order to establish the defendant where about and actions. In other words in order to serve justice the court has to be fully aware of the case facts i.e. the “factual truth” in order to be convinced “beyond any shadow of a doubt” that the defendant has committed the off ense s/he is accused of."(...)Pozycja European Polygraph 2020, Volume 14, Number 1 (51)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2020) Widacki, Jan; Larson, John A.; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Barland, Gordon; Fleisher, Bill; Handler, Mark; Horvath, Frank; Krapohl, Donald J.; Matte, James Allan; Slowik, Stanley M.; Shapovalov, VitaliyPozycja European Polygraph 2021, Volume 15, Number 1 (53)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Ginton, Avital; Shurany, Tuvia; Gordon, Nathan J.; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph 2023, Volume 17, Number 1 (57)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2023) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Eduardo; Bull, Ray; Shepherd, Eric; Pérez-Campos, Eduardo Lorenzo; Herbowski, Piotr; Słapczyńska, DominikaPozycja European Polygraph 2024, Volume 18, Number 2 (60)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Uniwersytetu Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w Krakowie, 2024) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Kraujalis, Laimutis; Widacki, MichałPozycja European Polygraph no. 1 (35), 2016(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2016) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Knyazev, Vladimir; Matselya, Olya; Slowik, Stanley M.; Horvath, Frank; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph no. 1 (39), 2017(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2017) Leśniak, Barbara; Leśniak, Marek; Widacki, Jan; Szuba-Boroń, Anna; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph no. 2 (40), 2017(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2017) Aliyev, Bakhtiyar; Baisakhalov, Boranbay; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Widacki, Jan; Ibek, Anna; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph no. 3 (37), 2016(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2016) Gordon, Nathan J.; Widacki, Jan; Shapovalov, Vitaliy; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph no. 3 (41), 2017(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2017) Kormoš, Milan; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Leśniak, Marek; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph no. 4 (38), 2016(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2016) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Kircher, John C.; Raskin, David C.; Shapovalov, Vitaliy; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph nr 1 (23), 2013(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2013) Matte, James Allan; Leshkovych, Taras; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Gołaszewski, Marcin; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph nr 1 (43), 2018(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Anastasova, Karina; Gordon, Nathan J.; Mohamed, Feroze B.; Platek, Steven M.; Ahmad, Harris; Williams, Michael; Faro, Scott H.; Amsel, Tuvya T.; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph nr 2 (44), 2018(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Shurany, Tuvia; Gordon, Nathan J.; Widacki, Jan; Widacki, JanPozycja European Polygraph nr 2 (48), 2019(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Horvath, Frank; Wilcox, Daniel T.; Amsel, Tuvya T.Pozycja European Polygraph nr 3 (45), 2018(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Mikrut, Zbigniew; Widacki, Michał; Widacki, Jan; Matle, James Allan; Amsel, Tuvya T.