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    Francja wobec wyzwań energetyczno--klimatycznych u progu trzeciej dekady XXI wieku
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2020) Młynarski, Tomasz
    The purpose of the article is to show France as a pretender to the role of leader in the fight against climate change, very strongly involved in shaping European and global climate policy. The „Paris Agreement” became an expression of French aspirations to take global leadership in climate policy. The pro-climate attitude of France and promoting industrial and technological transformation, however, results not only from aspirations to strengthen its image of the core of the global climate diplomacy. At the same time, combating climate change and energy and ecological modernization creates an opportunity to stimulate economic growth and stimulate employment, and as a consequence increase the competitiveness of the French economy. The pursuit of goals of climate neutrality by 2050 and the goal of zero net emissions are becoming the leading factors in the French economic development strategy, with strong social support and public opinion acceptation.
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    Problem bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski w latach 2015–2020
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2020) Bałamut, Anna
    There are many dilemmas related to creating Poland’s energy security. There is still a discussion between the government and experts who point out the difficulties and problems of the energy sector. In Poland, there is a lack of strategy continuity and rapid response to trends prevailing on international markets. The whole article has been divided into three parts, introduction and ending. Chapter one Strategy for Poland’s energy security in 2015–2020 – key government decisions. The second chapter describes energy investments in Poland in 2010–2015. Chapter three shows the dilemmas of Poland’s energy security. The article also presents the impact of EU relations on state environments. It indicates that the decisions taken are a complex process and the implementation of actions in the energy sector cannot be considered solely in the short term.
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    Wyzwania bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski - dywersyfikacja źródeł pozyskania energii na przykładzie gazu łupkowego
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2017) Bałamut, Anna
    Poland is not self-sufficient in energy. This fact was a number of implications in the political environment and influences Polish energy security. The policy through its decisions creates the shape of the energy sector. That is why all processes in the energy sector depend on it. Polish government proposes to diversify energy: the sources and the supply. In the case of the gas market, it suggests the following: shale gas, LNG (liquid natural gas) and gas infrastructure development in neighboring countries in cooperation with other energy projects in Europe. This paper is a summary of some earlier studies. The issue is divided into three parts. The first part refers to Polish energy security - its challenges, risks and definition of energy security. The second part shows the political aspect, that is the debate on shale gas on the EU forum. EU Members have the right to decide how to maintain the security of the country, as well as the shape of the energy balance. Consequently, there are differences in energy policies of EU Members, which leads to some discussions on shale gas and other energy sources. The third part is an analysis of the shale gas sector in Poland and the possibility of its development. Poland is currently in the process of estimating quantities of reserves, whether they are found and profitable and whether it will decide to invest in shale gas. It will mean a lot of changes not only to the energy sector. The article is finished with a short summary containing conclusions about development of the gas sector in Poland.