Poland is not self-sufficient in energy. This fact was a number of implications in the political environment and influences Polish energy security. The policy through its decisions creates the shape of the energy sector. That is why all processes in the energy sector depend on it. Polish government proposes to diversify energy: the sources and the supply. In the case of the gas market, it suggests the following: shale gas, LNG (liquid natural gas) and gas infrastructure development in neighboring countries in cooperation with other energy projects in Europe. This paper is a summary of some earlier studies. The issue is divided into three parts. The first part refers to Polish energy security - its challenges, risks and definition of energy security. The second part shows the political aspect, that is the debate on shale gas on the EU forum. EU Members have the right to decide how to maintain the security of the country, as well as the shape of the energy balance. Consequently, there are differences in energy policies of EU Members, which leads to some discussions on shale gas and other energy sources. The third part is an analysis of the shale gas sector in Poland and the possibility of its development. Poland is currently in the process of estimating quantities of reserves, whether they are found and profitable and whether it will decide to invest in shale gas. It will mean a lot of changes not only to the energy sector. The article is finished with a short summary containing conclusions about development of the gas sector in Poland.