Przeglądaj wg Słowo kluczowe "fragmentation of American socjety"

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    Donald Trump and America Divided against Itself
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Bryk, Andrzej
    Donald Trump became the president of the United States because he was able to see the deep division of the American society into 80% of the population comprising the lower and middle classes and the caste-like oligarchic elite, which is made up of the richest 1% and 19% of the upper-middle class population. These 20% justifies its privileged social position by referring to meritocracy, the ideology of identity liberalism and to globalism, delegitimizing any opposition as a manifestation of ignorance, pathological aggression or social maladjustment (“the deplorables” of Hillary Clinton). Trump turned to the remaining 80% of society, angered not only by the effects of globalization implemented by the liberal elites as the only possible and rational economic policy, but also despised by the liberal upper middle class and forced by political elites to submit to the dictates of the ideology of emancipatory liberalism of personal autocreation, leading to the breakdown of social and family ties and the destruction of authorities. Trump won the support of angry voters because he raised issues that were very close to much of the electorate but were absent from the dominant discourse of political elites, both in the Democratic Party and the Republicans. This was his “populism”, which was in fact democratic and conservative patriotism or mild nationalism. Nevertheless, this provoked vehement opposition from both the liberal left, part of the federal administration (“deep state”) and cancel culture, and from some republicans (“Never Trumpers”). However, the “resistance movement” that emerged after Trump’s election was able to appeal only to ideological arguments, including the perception of America’s and the West’s civilizational heritage as a structure of immanent oppression that Trump wants to renew and strengthen. Thus, a narrative was born presenting Trump as a usurper in a metaphysical sense, an enemy of the only legitimate moral and social order, i.e., the order of identity liberalism with its axioms of emancipation and moral autocreation of individuals. The violation of this quasi-religious order is to cause an escalation of violence and oppression motivated by hatred, racism, xenophobia and religious fanaticism. Such a narrative, referring to the theory of the “end of history” by Francis Fukuyama, was not confirmed either in the politics or in the legislation of the Trump administration, demonstrating flaws in the liberal-left understanding of the so called “populism”.
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    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe 2021, nr 1 (XVIII), Donald Trump’s Presidency – the Unfinished Rebellion
    (Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2021) Bryk, Andrzej; Rabkin, Jeremy; Sadowski, Mirosław Michał; Dadak, Kazimierz; Domaradzki, Spasimir; Wolfe, Christopher
    From introduction: "Donald Trump’s one term presidency is over. Its end coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic which shook not only the health but politics as well and forced everyone to ask a question how it warped perceptions of the American electorate as far as successes and failures of Trump’s presidency were concerned. One could also easily define the election of 2020 as a referendum over Trump himself, a man who had, as someone said “an exhausting penchant for saying the wrong things” at the wrong time, including the pandemic time, in much the same way as his rival Joe Biden had a life-long penchant for gaffes. But whatever Trump’s individual faults and merits, his victory was a consequence of a growing sense of destabilisation, breakdown of solidarity, growing ‘homelessness’ of millions of people in response to liberal globalism’s dysfunctions and a corresponding rise of the so-called “populist” rebellions. They caught global liberal establishment firmly entrenched both internationally and in their own countries by surprise provoking vitriolic attacks causing deep polarizations especially in America divided against itself as never before."(...)