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Pozycja Does the Law Circumvent Justice from Being Served?(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Amsel, Tuvya T."Law – a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed […] or formally recognized as binding […] enforced by a controlling authority […]. Th e courts exist to uphold, interpret, and apply the law [1]. Justice – the legal system that a country uses in order to deal with people who break the law […] the administration of law according to prescribed and accepted principles [2]. In accordance with these defi nitions the Courts’ objective (judges, jurors or tribunals) is to determine whether or not the defendant who stands for trial has committed the offense s/he is accused of. In order to render their decision, courts practically travel back in time and re-construct and re-vive the occurrence surrounding the off ense in order to establish the defendant where about and actions. In other words in order to serve justice the court has to be fully aware of the case facts i.e. the “factual truth” in order to be convinced “beyond any shadow of a doubt” that the defendant has committed the off ense s/he is accused of."(...)Pozycja European Polygraph nr 2 (44), 2018(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2018) Amsel, Tuvya T.; Shurany, Tuvia; Gordon, Nathan J.; Widacki, Jan; Widacki, JanPozycja Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe nr 2, 2009 (Liberty and virtue in America)(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Bryk, Andrzej; McClay, Wilfred M.; Delsol, Chantal; Kraynak, Robert; Bradley, Gerard; Smith, Rogers; Gamble, Richard; Zuckert, Michael; Lawler, Peter Augustine; Zuckert, Catherine; Blitz, Mark; Rabkin, Jeremy; Kubiak, Hieronim; Kristol, Irving; Bryk, Andrzej; Bednarczyk, BogusławaPozycja Małopolsko-śląska akcja pomocy w wypełnianiu tzw. PIT-ów jako przykład przedsądowej i quasi-przedsądowej pomocy prawnej w obliczu reformy wymiaru sprawiedliwości(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Klimek, PawełThe Polish judicial system, and thus also the justice system, should be reformed, asis overloaded with the number of considered cases. However this reform can be possible only thank to the cooperation of various environments and work at the grass roots (within the broadly understood justice system). Th e reform should lead to a situation, where as many cases and disputes as possible could be solved outside the courtroom. Th erefore, the reform should focus on facilitating such solutions as: alternative dispute resolution methods, the methods of pre-court selection of cases and legal education. All the mentioned solutions refl ect the principle of the Hippocratic oath which states, that “prevention is better than cure”. Th e Malopolska-Silesian campaign off ering help in fi lling out the personal income tax return forms is one of few examples of cooperation between a law clinic and a free legal aid society, i.e. two entities co creating the justice system and supporting social groups that cannot aff ord to use legal services. Th erefore, such projects should be broadly discussed, modifi ed and widely promoted.Pozycja Państwo i Społeczeństwo nr 1, 2012(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2012) Sowa, Kazimierz; Pekaniec, Anna; Gałkowski, Stanisław; Gałkowska, Agnieszka; Majorek, Marta; Wojniak, Justyna; Baran, Dariusz; du Vall, Marta; Walecka-Rynduch, Agnieszka; Konik, Marcin; Gruca, Grzegorz; Mróz, Piotr; Szymańska, Beata; Kuźma, Józef; Karpińska-Ochałek, Małgorzata; Pucek, Zbigniew; Majchrowski, JacekBieżący numer „Państwa i Społeczeństwa” zagospodarowany został przez dyscypliny ściśle humanistyczne: socjologię, fiozofię, pedagogikę, politologię i kulturoznawstwo, we wzajemnie przenikających się myślowo tekstach, reprezentujących przy tym wielość tematyczną i metodologiczną.Pozycja Personal honor, national honor and international justice(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Rabkin, Jeremy"Harvey Mansfield’s most recent book is about “manliness.” I want to talk about honor. Honor is, at least in some of its aspects, related to manliness, perhaps even a child of manliness, as Professor Mansfield indicates in his book. But honor operates more on the surface of political life. It is more insistent on being seen or recognized in public and it varies, according to the different “publics” of different eras or different political regimes."(...)Pozycja Po stronie przestępców czy służb porządkowych, czyli miejsce kata w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości w dawnej Polsce(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2016) Rosa, WacławThe article presents the functioning of the office of executioner in the cities of former Poland. Th e study investigated executioner activity on the border between two worlds: that of crime and the law enforcement environment connected to the judiciary. The research material includes testimonies of criminals recorded in the books of municipal courts, demonstrating contacts between the criminal world and torturers. Unlike in Western Europe and Silesia, where the profession of executioner often passed from father to son, executioners in bygone Poland often hailed from criminal circles. They lived in isolation from the society and were exposed to social ostracism because of their work. Criminals did not consider the executioner as a representative of the judiciary; relationships between both communities were facilitated by the fact that executioners and their wives were engaged in the organisation of prostitution in cities, and running and protecting the city’s brothels. The cases quoted from judicial practice show that the office of the executioner was oft en identifi ed with criminal activity rather than with justice, which had an impact on the effectiveness of fighting crime in Polish cities.Pozycja Poland, Slovenia, the World : Challenges of present-day education(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Nieciuński, Stanisław; Aksman, Joanna; Freundlich, Jerzy; Guzik, Agnieszka; Kozłowska, Anna; Kožuh, Boris; Mirski, Andrzej; Pułka, Jolanta; Olearczyk, Teresa; Wysocka, Ewa; Govekar-Okoliš, Monika; Hočevar, Andreja; Mažgon, Jasna; Jelenc Krašovec, Sabina; Kovač Šebart, Mojca; Krek, Janez; Kump, Sonja; Ličen, Nives; Muršak, Janko; Štefanc, Damijan; Šteh, Barbara; Kalin, Jana; Vidmar, Tadej; Kozłowska, Anna; Muršak, JankoTransformations of education in changing Europe are multifaceted. One of the latter is the process of strengthening the cooperation among universities in this part of the world. This cooperation is carried out in many fields – from joint projects and researches – to joint analyses, discourses and publications. This monograph – a collection of reflections, thoughts and polemics deriving from theoretical and empirical researches, carried out as a part of a joint research project simultaneously undertaken at both these universities under the name “Problems and challenges of modern education” – constitutes one of the fruits of the cooperation between Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Cracow University and the University of Ljubljana.Pozycja Poszukiwanie prawdy w procesie cywilnym(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2014) Pilarczyk, IzabelaFundamentally, it is expected that dispensation of justice guarantees a fair judgement. However, both terms -‘justice’ and ‘truth ’, which are closely related to each other, are ambiguous. What is more, their common meaning strays from the legal one. At the same time, the adoption of the proper concept of truth (procedural or objective) by a legislator leads to the significant consequences in practice which have an impact on drawing conclusions and on settling a civil law dispute. This paper attempts to determine the concept of the principle of the adopted truth in the Polish civil procedure. The author analyses the development of the Code of Civil Procedure and assesses the amendments. The matter of the principle of truth in force is still a moot point among lawyers since the amendment of the Code of Civil Procedure was introduced on March 1, 1996. It was a turning point in reference to the previous accepted concept of the objective truth . Next changes, especially the latest ones, confirm the thesis about applying de lege lata the principle of the objective truth . That conclusion is the central thought of this short essay. The goal of the paper is to discuss the practical and theoretical aspects of the principle of the truth which can be recognized as the most justifiable. The author of the article tries to present advantages and disadvantages of both concepts of truth and also formulate the postulates de lege ferenda. They should provide the grounds for a detailed discussion among legal experts, and particularly among the theorists of law.Pozycja Studia Prawnicze. Rozprawy i Materiały nr 2 (25), 2019(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2019) Krawiec, Grzegorz; Bałos, Iga; Partyk, Aleksandra; Szpyt, Kamil; Więzowska-Czepiel, Beata; Czochra, Marzena; Bar, Damian; Urbanik, Grzegorz; Klimek, Paweł; Kinecka, Lucyna; Laskowski, Rafał; Ingram, ArturPozycja Whence virtue? Whence justice? Whence morality? America and modernity(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2009) Bryk, Andrzej"The United States is a quintessentially modern nation, in fact the first modern nation in history. In America all the problems of modernity happened first, and all the answers to the problems encountered have been tried accordingly. In the 1830s Alexis de Tocqueville defined the problems America experienced as a universal problem of democracy, but democracy here could as well mean modernity. The experiment which was called America has for this reason always been a challenge for Europe and the rest of the world, with very ambivalent feelings towards it. For some, hatred of America comes easily, spontaneously; for others love and reverence for her is spontantenous. Both passions come from the same understanding: that in America everything which has happened to human beings may happen to the people of modernity sooner or later. For some, it is a reason for trembling with fear. For others the reason for hope. This hope comes from a realization, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, that if in a modern civilization we encounter a situation when everything has been tried and failed, there is still hope that Americans will come with a proper solution to the challenge. In that sense, America is a homeland of all people of modernity, whether we like it or not, and we may say that whoever hates America, hates today, to a certain extent, humankind."(...)Pozycja Zasada sprawiedliwości a dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej(Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, 2012) Szymańska, BeataThe main purpose of my paper is to consider a problem of justice in a context of health care. The John Rawls’ theory is my point of methodological departure. He states in it the importance of the concept of fairness and equality from behind what he terms a “veil of ignorance”. Rawls refers to the “original position” in which a person is attempting to determine a fair arrangement for society without any preconceived notions or prejudices. I refer, however, his theory to the health care fi eld and I consider such problems as fair distribution of medical care or fair partition of taxes for personal insurance. Further problems appear there in consequence, e.g. who has the privilege to attain the medical help as a fi rst and the resulting doctor’s ethical dilemmas.