Infanticide is a crime with a very interesting history. Over the centuries infanticide has come a long and complicated evolution under the infl uence of Christianity – from aggravated type of crime to the privileged one. The Polish penal provisions protect human life from the moment of conception until death. It refers to all people including children. However, children’s right to life is not treated the same way as adults when it comes to committing a murder. In case of infanticide possible sentences are much milder compared to a common murder. In the view of existing Polish legal system the issue of infanticide as a crime privileged raises many concerns on the theoretical and practical basis despite many attempts to treat it as a common murder.