Background: A gynaecological examination, often as part of a preventive gynaecological examination (PGE), has a legislatively determined content. Despite the efforts of all those involved, women do not attend gynaecological examinations sufficiently often. The aim of this short report is to highlight the current status of women’s attendance at PGEs in Slovakia and to present women’s expectations as well as the reasons for their attendance at gynaecological examinations. Material and methods: This paper takes the form of a literature review. Results: The results of the studies suggest ways to increase women’s attendance at PGEs. The communication skills of physicians and nurses/midwives, creating a safe and intimate environment, as well as consistent education about the examination process, are considered key factors in increasing women’s participation at a PGE. Conclusion: Exploring the topic in a broader context may help to understand some of the changing aspects of women’s motivation to participate, but more importantly to understand the importance of the attitude of health professionals in gynaecological examinations.