"What is a memory trace? An ideal trace, or just the opposite, a trace on which it is easiest to fi nd some fl aws? Does it exist in a material manner, and can it be examined in an objective way, or is it nonmaterial and ephemeral, with both its observation and assessment as subjective as human perception? We are not trying to answer these questions here; we are interested in the way in which the fact that everyone in our country has for many years agreed that the object of the polygraphic examination are memory traces practically infl uences or should influence the manner in which such examinations are conducted. Th e approach that we present diverges significantly from the majority of publications in this area of forensic studies, which is why we consider it important to provide it with its own name: forensic examination of memory traces."(...)