Abstract: "Introduction: Patient safety is crucial for healthcare quality and patient trust. It involves activities, attitudes, and procedures to minimise medical errors and provide high standards of care. Aim of the research: The aim of the study was to assess patient safety culture from the perspective of medical staff in a hospital, taking into account professional group affiliation and length of service. Material and methods: The research group included N = 78 medical staff members (80% nurses and midwives, 20% doctors). The Polish adaptation of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) was used. Results: Overall patient safety, measured as the average percentage of positive responses across 12 dimensions, was 36.8%. The best-assessed area was “Teamwork within units”, while the lowest was “Hospital management support for patient safety”. Differences were found between nurses/midwives and doctors: physicians rated “Staffing” more positively and reported more adverse events (c2 = 11.16, df = 2, p = 0.004). Employees with higher length of service (> 10 vs. ≤ 10 years) rated “Organizational learning – continuous improvement” higher (p = 0.03). However, length of service was not statistically associated with adverse event reporting frequency (p = 0.71). Employees who believed their mistakes would be used against them assessed overall patient safety more negatively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study’s findings can help identify areas for improvement in patient safety culture, enabling targeted solutions to reduce adverse events and improve error reporting processes."(...)