Introduction: Infection with highly oncogenic types of HPV is associated with the development of cervical cancer in 70–80% of cases. Primary prevention of cervical cancer is based on education and vaccination of girls aged 11–12 before sexual initiation (PTG recommendations). HPV vaccination is not obligatory. The aim of the study is to examine the knowledge of women and their daughters about the prevention of cervical cancer in terms of cytological tests, HPV infection, and vaccines against HPV. Material and methods: The research group consisted of female students of two secondary schools in Tarnobrzeg and their mothers. The research method employed was a questionnaire created by the author. Results: There were 105 correctly fullfilled questionnaries from daughters and 46 from mothers. 50% of mothers have knowledge that cytological examination should be done every year, 54% know the proper time for examination. Mothers and daughters have the knowledge about cytological examinations, know the relation between HPV infection and cervical cancer. Both groups are in favour of vaccinations (mothers 60.8% daughters 80%). Only 8.6% of mothers have vaccinated their daughters, however 59.04% of daughters would like to have HPV vaccination. Conclusions: In the study group, both mothers and daughters have knowledge about cytological examination and the relationship between HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer; the mothers know how HPV infection occurs. However, the mothers’ knowledge about HPV vaccination is insufficient as they do not know about the vaccines, they do not know when to vaccinate their daughters, and they are afraid of the side effects of vaccination.