In February 2011, inspired by the events in Tunisia and Egypt, Libyans started the revolt, which resulted in the overthrow of the regime of Colonel Muammar Qaddafi. The revolt lasted eight months and was supported by the international military intervention, which was crucial to the success of the insurgents. However, the international support for the uprising would not have been possible without the diplomatic efforts of the quickly formed Libyan Transitional National Council, which represented the opposition forces against Col. Qaddafi. The consolidation of both the Libyan opposition and international military operation in Libya were the key factors of the socalled Libyan Arab Spring. The first chapter of the article presents the significant developments of the Libyan revolt from the beginning of the protests until the death of Col. Qaddafi and formation of a first government. The uprising and military intervention led to the change of the political system of the state. It has caused numerous damages and brought many challenges threats to the new Libyan authorities, not only economic, but also social, political and military. The second part of the article addresses these challenges and threats, as they have been determining the shape and structure of the new Libya. This section presents the relevant factors such as the tribal ties, the country’s partition into the center and periphery, the role of religion in social and political life, which will have a huge impact on the Libyan society, the future structure of the state, the political scene of the country and relations with regional and global actors. The last part of the article analyses the Libyan uprising and the impact of international military intervention on the situation in Libya. It is an attempt to draw scenarios of the future of Libya and its impact on the security situation in the Mediterranean region, in Africa and in the Arab world. It shows both the possible advantages of the regime change in Libya and the threats for the stabilization of the country and neighbouring regions.