The rapid growth of online education has necessitated innovative approaches to ensure academic integrity. Remote invigilation (RI), also known as online proctoring, has emerged as a critical tool in this endeavour. Encompassing a spectrum of methods—live monitoring by human proctors, recorded exams for later review and automated systems powered by artificial intelligence (AI), and hybrid approaches—RI strives to replicate the controlled environment of traditional exams in a digital space. This, in turn, aims to deter cheating and safeguard the validity of online assessments. This entry explores the different types of RI and the stages involved in the remote proctoring process. While RI offers undeniable benefits, facilitating flexible assessment practices and deterring dishonest behaviour, concerns remain regarding student privacy, potential test anxiety due to constant monitoring, and potential bias within AI-powered systems. By examining RI’s advantages and disadvantages, this entry fosters a discussion about its appropriate and ethical implementation within the online assessment landscape.