This study investigates workforce skills gaps amid security challenges caused by Russian military aggression against Ukraine, aiming to identify critical competency deficiencies for enhancing regional economic resilience. The research employed a triangulated methodology combining desk research, quantitative employer surveys, and qualitative focus groups with employers and internally displaced persons. Findings reveal significant transformations in the Lviv region’s labor market due to mobilization, forced migration, and business relocation. Most employers identify the largest gaps in professional-functional and professional-technical skills. Increased competition, accelerated digitization, and heightened security risks have generated growing demand for client orientation, document management, and business security competencies. Digital skills gaps (computer and office software proficiency, CRM and ERP systems skills) closely follow professional-functional deficiencies. These gaps directly impact regional economic security and resilience. Based on these findings, we propose targeted recommendations for: identifying priority groups for retraining; determining professional groups requiring qualification improvement; developing security-focused retraining programs; accelerating employment processes for displaced persons; and legislative amendments to strengthen labor market resilience under wartime conditions.